State Organs and Their Rule Making Powers Under The New Constitution Of The Rebuplic Of Turkey

Dr. Iur. Bülent SÖZER

 

CONTENTS

 

 

 

Abbreviations IX

 

Bibliography XI

 

 

 

INTRODUCTION

 

 

 

STATE ORGANS and

 

SEPARATION of FUNCTIONS

 

 

 

1. AN OVERVIEW 1

 

1. ORGANISATION OF THE TURKISH STATE 9

 

 

 

• 1 - THE LEGISLATIVE ORGAN /

 

THE LEGISLATURE

 

 

 

1. THE INSTITUTION 12

 

1. FORMATION OF THE LEGISLATURE 18

 

III. STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF

 

PARLIAMENT 20

 

1. The Nature and Characteristic of the

 

Representative Competency. 20

 

2. Immunities Enjoyed by the Members

 

of Parliament. 21

 

1. Freedom of Speech - Parliamentary

 

Immunity 22

 

1. Immunity From Arrest - Legislative

 

Immunity 23

 

1. POWERS and DUTIES. 24

 

1. Making Acts. 24

 

2. Terminating the Term of Office

 

of the President. 32

 

1. RULE MAKING PROCEDURE 36

 

1. Sessions 36

 

2. Submission of Bills. 37

 

3. The Quorums 37

 

1. THE INTERNAL PROCEDURE 38

 

 

 

• 2 - THE EXECUTIVE ORGAN

 

 

 

1. THE INSTITUTION 40

 

1. DIFFERENT ORGANISATIONAL MODELS. 43

 

1. The Unitary Type 43

 

2. The Collegial Type 44

 

3. The Dualist Type. 45

 

III. THE EXECUTIVE ORGAN UNDER

 

TURKISH CONSTITUTION. 45

 

1. An Overview of the System. 45

 

2. The President of the Republic of Turkey 50

 

1. Election of the President 50

 

1. Organisational Powers of the President 51

 

1. Rule Making Powers of the President 57

 

1. Presidential Decree. 57

 

1. Presidential By-Law. 64

 

1. Indirect Power of the President

 

on the Drafting of the Acts 66

 

1. Penal Responsibility of the President. 67

 

3. Vice-Presidents. 72

 

4. The Ministerial Organisations. 75

 

 

 

• 3 - THE JUDICIAL ORGAN /

 

THE JUDICIARY

 

 

 

1. THE INSTITUTION 79

 

1. STATUS OF THE JUDGES. 81

 

1. Independence of the Judges. 81

 

2. Security of Tenure 83

 

III. ORGANISATION of the JUDICIAL ORGAN. 83

 

1. Courts of General Jurisdiction 84

 

1. The Courts of First Instance /

 

The Local Courts 85

 

1. The Regional Courts. 86

 

1. The Court of Appeal. 87

 

2. Administrative Courts. 88

 

1. The Courts of First Instance /

 

The Administrative Courts. 89

 

1. The Regional Courts. 90

 

1. The Council of State. 91

 

1. Administrative Actions. 94

 

1. Claims Actions 94

 

1. Annulment Actions. 94

 

3. Court of Jurisdictional Disputes. 95

 

4. Court of Constitution. 96

 

1. In General. 96

 

1. Duties and Powers 97

 

1. Judicial Review by the Constitutional Court 100

 

1. Introduction 100

 

1. Subject and Scope of the Judicial

 

Review . 105

 

1. Amendments to the Constitution 105

 

1. Acts. 106

 

iii. Presidential Decrees 107

 

1. House Regulation of the TGNA. 108

 

1. Categories of Judicial Review. 108

 

1. Judicial Review Related to

 

Substance 108

 

1. Judicial Review Related to

 

Procedure 112

 

1. Methods/Means of Judicial Review. 116

 

1. Action for Annulment - Direct

 

Action. 116

 

1. Plea of Unconstitutionality - Review

 

by way of Exceptio. 116

 

1. Effects of the Decisions of the

 

Court of Constitution. 118

 

1. LAW MAKING POWERS 118

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• 4 - THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGAN -

 

THE ADMINISTRATION

 

 

 

1. THE INSTITUTION 121

 

1. An Overview 121

 

2. Historical Development 124

 

1. THE ORGANISATION OF THE

 

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGAN 127

 

1. The Legal Basis. 127

 

2. The Central Administration 129

 

1. The Principal Administration 129

 

1. The Provincial Administration 129

 

3. De-Centralised Administration. 130

 

1. Local Administrations 130

 

1. Functionally De-Centralised Organisations 131

 

1. Public Professional Organisations. 132

 

III. PUBLIC POWER 133

 

1. In General. 133

 

2. Rule Making Powers of the Administration. 135

 

3. Judicial Review. 136

 

1. Claims Action. 139

 

 

 

 

1. Annulment Action 139