Protection of Foreign Well-Known Trademark A Comparison Between Türkiye and China

Berkay Şayir

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  III
PREFACE . V
TABLE OF CONTENTS . VII
TABLE OF FIGURES  XI
ABBREVIATIONS . XIII
ABSTRACT . XV
INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter One
Overview of Well-Known Trademark
1. Concept of Trademark  13
1.1. Definition of Trademark . 13
1.1.1. Signs That Can Be Registered  13
1.1.2 Signs That Cannot Be Registered  15
1.1.3. Distinctiveness  16
1.1.4. Method of Protection  19
1.1.5. Translation  20
1.2. International Frameworks . 21
1.3. Historical Background  22
1.3.1. Evolution of Trademark Protection in China  22
1.3.2. Evolution of Trademark Protection in Türkiye . 25
2. Definition of Well-Known Trademarks: Legislation and Judicial Practice  25
2.1. Definition in China . 25
2.2. Definition in Türkiye  27
2.3. Comparison of Definition in Both Countries  29
2.3.1. Similarities  29
2.3.2. Differences  30
2.3.3. Implications  31
3. Characteristics of Well-Known Trademark  32
3.1. Fame Standard  32
3.1.1. Chinese Practice  32
3.1.2. Turkish Practice  33
3.1.3. Comparison of Fame Standard in Both Countries  34
3.1.3.1. Similarities  34
3.1.3.2. Differences  35
3.1.3.3. Implications . 35
3.2. Scope Standard . 36
3.2.1. Chinese Practice  36
3.2.2. Turkish Practice  37
3.2.3. Comparison of Scope Standard in Both Countries  37
3.2.3.1. Similarities  37
3.2.3.2. Differences  38
3.2.3.3. Implications . 39
3.3. Value Standard . 40
3.3.1. Chinese Practice  40
3.3.2. Turkish Practice  40
3.3.3. Comparison of Value Standard in Both Countries  41
3.3.3.1. Similarities  41
3.3.3.2. Differences  41
3.3.3.3. Implications . 42
Chapter Two
Determination of Well-Known Trademark
1. Determination Concept . 43
2. Determination of Well-Known Trademarks in China  45
2.1. Determination by Administrative Process  46
2.2. Determination by Judicial Process  48
3. Determination of Well-Known Trademarks in Türkiye . 51
3.1. Determination by Administrative Process  51
3.2. Determination by Judicial Process  54
4. Comparison of Two Legal Systems 59
4.1. Similarities  59
4.2. Differences . 60
4.3. Implications  62
Chapter Three
Protection of Registered Foreign Well-Known Trademark
1. Registration of Foreign Trademark  65
1.1. National- International Application  66
1.2. Trademark Application Examination  69
1.3. Trademark Application Opposition  70
2. Protection of Registered Foreign Well-Known Trademark in China . 72
2.1. Protection in Terms of Trademark Law  72
2.1.1. Non-use of the Trademark in Bad Faith  74
2.1.2. Trademark Piracy  75
2.1.3. Counterfeiting . 76
2.1.4. Trademarking Usage: Enterprise Name  77
2.1.5. As a Defense: Fair-use  77
2.2. Administrative Regulations  78
2.3. Criminal Law of China . 79
3. Protection of Registered Foreign Well-Known Trademarks in Türkiye . 81
3.1. Protection in Terms of Trademark Law  81
3.1.1. Non-use of the Trademark in Bad Faith  82
3.1.2. Trademark Piracy  82
3.1.3. Counterfeiting . 84
3.1.4. Trademarking Usage: Enterprise Name  85
3.1.5. As a Defense: Fair-use  86
3.2. Administrative Regulations  87
3.3. Criminal Law of Türkiye  88
4. Comparison of Two Legal Systems 90
4.1. Similarities  90
4.2. Differences . 94
4.3. Implications  97
Chapter Four
Protection of Unregistered Foreign Well-Known Trademark
1. The Protection of Unregistered Foreign Well-Known Trademark in China  101
1.1. Priority Rights. 104
1.2. Trademark Squatting  105
1.3. Trademark Dilution  106
1.4. Domain Name Grabbing . 107
2. The Protection of Unregistered Foreign Well-Known Trademark in Türkiye  108
2.1. Priority Rights. 110
2.2. Trademark Squatting  110
2.3. Trademark Dilution  112
2.4. Domain Name Grabbing . 113
3. Comparison of Two Legal Systems 114
3.1. Similarities  114
3.2. Differences . 116
3.3. Implications  118
Conclusion  123
Bibliography . 127