Protection Of Animal Interests Within The Framework Of Human Rights

M. Gürkan Gür

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Authorities . xiii

Abbreviations .. xviii

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: THE RELATION BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND ANIMAL RIGHTS

2.1 Humans, Other Animals, and Their Rights .. 7

2.1.1 Origin of Human Rights . 10

2.1.2 Origin of Animal Rights  18

2.2 Theoretical Bases of Animal Rights .. 23

2.2.1 Welfarism .. 24

2.2.2 Abolitionism  26

2.2.3 New Welfarism .. 28

2.2.4 Mixed Theory .. 29

2.2.5 Virtue Ethics  31

2.3 Compatibility of Animal Rights with Human Rights  33

2.3.1 Equality .. 35

2.3.2 Dignity  37

2.3.3 Autonomy . 38

2.3.4 Fairness .. 39

Chapter 3: LEGAL STATUS OF ANIMALS: DOMESTIC AND GLOBAL APPROACHES

3.1 Discussions in Constitutional Law . 43

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3.1.1 United States  44

3.1.2 Brazil  45

3.1.3 Germany . 48

3.1.4 India . 49

3.2 Discussions in Criminal Law  50

3.2.1 United Kingdom . 51

3.2.2 Israel . 54

3.2.3 Canada . 56

3.2.4 Norway  59

3.3 Discussions in Private Law  60

3.3.1 United States  62

3.3.2 New Zealand  64

3.3.3 Austria . 65

3.3.4 The Netherlands . 67

3.4 Discussions in International Law  70

3.4.1 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) . 71

3.4.2 Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention)  74

3.4.3 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) 77

3.4.4 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)  81

3.5 Animal Rights Activism and Its Impact on Legislation .. 83

3.6 Future of Animal Rights .. 87

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Chapter 4: HUMAN RIGHTS VERSUS ANIMALS AND ANIMAL RIGHTS DEFENDERS

4.1 Animals in Entertainment  92

4.2 Hunting . 94

4.2.1 Canned Hunting . 94

4.2.2 Hunter Harassment Laws .. 96

4.2.3 Expropriation of Land for Hunting .. 97

4.3 International Trade in Animals . 99

4.4 Cruel Industry Practices and Slaughter . 105

4.4.1 Force-feeding  105

4.4.2 Animal Labor  108

4.4.3 Slaughter of Animals for Food . 110

4.5 Taking Care of Companion Animals .. 112

4.6 Taking Care of Homeless Companion Animals  115

4.7 Media Coverage of Animals  129

4.7.1 Defamation Cases Against the Press . 130

4.7.2 Animal Crushing . 131

4.8 Cultural, Religious, and Ethical Stances on Animals . 133

4.8.1 Animal Sacrifice as a Cultural Practice .. 133

4.8.2 Religious Rituals Involving Animals  135

4.8.3 Vegetarianism and Veganism as Conscientious Choices .. 141

4.9 Animal Rights Movement and Activism .. 144

4.9.1 Access to Information Regarding Animals  145

4.9.2 Exposing Animal Abuses in the Industry  146

Chapter 5: Conclusion .. 151

Bibliography .. 163