Ahmet AKBABA

 TABLE OF CONTENTS. III

ABSTRACT.. V

ÖZET.. VII

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. IX

DEDICATION.. XI

ABBREVIATION.. XIII

RIGHT TO FAIR TRIAL IN TURKISH ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICESYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS LAW... 1

Introduction. 1

I. RIGHT TO A PUBLIC HEARING IN THEADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE SYSTEMS  5

1. The right of a party to be present before the court 6

2. The right of the party to participate effectively atthe hearing. 7

3. Public character of court hearings. 7

4. The obligation for a court to make its judgment public. 8

II. REASONABLE TIME GUARANTEE.. 10

A. What is the meaning of thereasonable time guarantee?. 11

B. How is time calculated?. 11

1. Complexity of the case. 15

2. The conduct of the applicant 16

3. The conduct of the authorities. 18

III. INDEPENDENT AND IMPARTIALTRIBUNAL ESTABLISHED BY LAW... 21

A. Independence. 23

1. Composition and appointment 25

2. Appearances. 27

3. Subordination to other authorities. 28

B. Impartiality. 29

1. Subjective Impartiality, 30

2. Objective Impartiality. 31

a. Differing roles of the judge. 33

b. Rehearing. 35

c. Specialist tribunals. 35

C. Established by law.. 36

IV. FAIR HEARING.. 38

A. Access to court 39

1. Undisputable administrative acts and Unappealablejudgments. 43

2. Procedural restrictions. 46

3. Time limits. 51

4. Access to Information. 53

5. Mediation and Other Alternative Dispute Resolution. 55

6. The Effectiveness of Court Proceedings (Enforcement ofCourt Judgments) 58

7. Excessive Court Fees. 63

B. Presence at the proceedings. 65

C. Equality of arms. 66

1. Opportunity to receive and respond to submission. 67

2. Opportunity to present or give evidence. 68

3. Legislative interference. 68

D. Adversarial proceedings. 69

E. Right to a reasoned judgment 70

F. Right To Legal Aid. 73

CONCLUSION.. 77

BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 81

CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS. 89